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Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy (Pivotal Moments in American History)
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Review
"Patterson's new book is a compelling examination of the history behind the decision and the realities of enforcing it."--Robin Dougherty, The Boston Globe"Absorbing book. With admirable balance, Patterson synthesizes much of the debate. His streamlined rendition reminds us that justices have always considered the social, political, and legal consequences of their decisions."--Laura Kalman, The New York Times Book Review"Penetrating history-cum-analysis."--Jonathan Yardley, The Washington Post Book World"This volume by a widely recognized historian of twentieth-century America presents a highly readable and well-organized overview of events leading up to the 1954 Brown decision, the decision itself, and its aftermath...Patterson does a nice job of sketching the broad outlines and placing developments in a larger context"--The Journal of Southern History
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About the Author
James T. Patterson won the Bancroft Prize in History for Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974. He is the author of numerous books concerning modern American life, he is Ford Foundation Professor of History at Brown University.
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Product details
Series: Pivotal Moments in American History
Paperback: 320 pages
Publisher: Oxford University Press (December 12, 2002)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0195156323
ISBN-13: 978-0195156324
Product Dimensions:
9.2 x 0.8 x 6.2 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.5 out of 5 stars
24 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#270,410 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Having grown up during the 1950's I wanted to familiarize myself in regard to civil rights, in particular as it applied to the historic 1954 Supreme Court ruling "Brown vs. the Board of Education." I found that President Eisenhower was not in favor of getting involved in civil rights for African Americans. He is quoted as saying that appointing Earl Warren as Chief Justice to the Supreme Court was the "biggest damn fool mistake I ever made." Roy Wilkins of the NAACP is quoted as saying if Eisenhower fought World War II as he did for civil rights, "We'd all be speaking German today." I was disappointed in Eisenhower's approach to civil rights for African Americans. Ten years after the 1954 Brown ruling, things hadn't changed regarding civil rights. The heroes in the book are those workers who fought in the trenches for civil rights, particularly during the 1960's. Most of them are not remembered, but their contributions remain, nonetheless. President Johnson's greatest legacy remains getting the government behind racial justice. The 1954 Brown ruling hasn't had the effect it may have desired regarding schools, but by the 20th anniversary of Brown, America had been brought kicking and screaming forward for civil rights for African Americans. The book lists a number of cases and studies with their results and I have concluded we don't really know whether integration has improved test scores in schools. Having been a teacher myself for 32 years I do know that children are not bigoted as were some children and adults I knew as a kid. Kids often reflect their parents behavior. This is a book that is definitely worthy of your time. I did find one error in the book. The author said Julius and Ethyl Rosenberg were executed in July of 1953 when actually it was on June 19, 1953.
I think it is hard overestimate the immense importance of the "Brown v. the Board of Education" court case which served as a "watershed" moment in American history. In terms of what it accomplished for the civil rights movement, "Brown" is major turning point on the road to ending segregation. There was a bitter fight to see the "Brown" ruling enacted in the old southern system of Jim Crow, but in the end this court case was essential to securing many of the hard won rights that African Americans obtained in the 1960's. This is one of a few books I have read in the "Pivotal Moments in American History" series and I have found each work to be well researched and pleasant to read. In this book James Patterson traces the develop of Brown, the case itself and the after effect of this case. The legacy of Brown in terms of the school system itself has been debated and Patterson tries to approach this debate with an honest and fair evaluation of its enduring victory. He follows Brown and the court system throughout the decades to see how this 1954 ruling has left a lasting imprint on the court. Here are a few things I like about this book:I loved the solid way that Patterson went about to scaffold the reader's understanding of the case by talking about many of the issues in the south that gave rise to the need for Brown. I also appreciate that Patterson did not ignore the racist perspective of many northerners during the Jim Crow period. He not only discusses the case but makes sure to communicate the rationale of the civil rights leaders that were leading the charge in this case; most notably, Thurgood Marshall. Many of the things Patterson discusses here were very helpful in helping my students to understand why Brown v. the Board was so critical in undermining the racist attitudes that were so prevalent at the time. Many whites saw African Americans as "oversexed, lazy,stupid and uninterested in reading or writing." In addition to the viewpoint, many African Americans suffered from an inferiority complex and psychological studies at the time showed that a lot of African American children preferred playing with white dolls as opposed to black dolls; the psychologists concluded there was shame about skin color. Marshall saw these effects, recognized that this was a violation of the 14th amendment and won a hard-fought victory in the supreme court.One thing I wish he would have spent more time discussing is the effects of World War II on this movement. He does talk about it briefly but it would have been nice if he taken a section of book to develop the change that occurred due the hard-won battles that African Americans engaged in during World War II. The effect not only changed the perception of some white soldiers but gave African Americans a sense of pride that made them stand up and refused to be considered second-class citizens. He talks about many of the other issues such as rising prosperity, demographic change, and higher levels of education but fails to spend anytime on this issue. I realize this was not the focus of the book but a bigger section on this aspect would have been a nice addition to the book. I love the way he focused the book around Thurgood Marshall and wished he would have talked about him in more detail throughout the book. He gave a lot of information and it certainly whetted my appetite for more information about Marshall.The 1954 ruling was not immediate in its results and the episodes of the civil rights movements were imperative to pressing the law for results. In fact, Patterson points out that in practice 'Brown' had no influence over the segregation system in southern schools and by itself would have been something of a failure. The movement of the 60's and the legislation passed during this period began to see some changes in the education field where segregation was concerned. Kennedy and Johnson for all their faults did do some good thing for the civil rights movement. One of the big boons was when Kennedy appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court and Johnson also made some federal court appointments and passed new legislation to turn the tide. The appointment of these men set people in the court who be caretakers of the Brown legacy. However, by the seventies people were growing more cynical of the government and were increasing tired of the civil rights movement. The unemployment rate coupled with inflation distracted whites from the civil rights movement which they perceived as creating lots of costly programs. African Americans often saw 'Brown' as insulting to suggest that their kids will perform better performing alongside white kids. More arguments surfaced that the government needed to spend more on making better schools in African American communities instead of busing kids into white schools; despite the fact that the evidence showed test scores improving due to integration.Ultimately, Patterson argues that Brown has a mixed legacy causing big reform in some places and little in others. He argues that the government can only do so much to fix this issue. For example: the government cannot control the effects that "white flight" had in this matter. Busing kids over 10 miles or more in order to integrate did not make a great deal of sense to many African American parents and whites alike. Ultimately, Patterson makes some excellent arguments and he takes some very practical stances on Brown. There were parts of the book that moved along quickly and were very engaging; there were other sections of the book that were a little boring even though I am sure that the information was crucial to the formation of the book. Overall, it was very well done and it will be interesting to see school integration in the future and to see if Marshall's vision will play out. Will we look at Brown in 100 years and still see schools with less integration or will we eventually see a greater coming together? Only time will tell....
James T. Patterson's Brown v. Board of Education is an exceedingly well researched historical work on the pivotal cases faced on all judicial levels in the 1950s, 60s, 70s and 80s regarding segregation in our nation's schools. Professor Patterson masterfully writes on not just the legal implications of the landmark decision(s) in Brown but also in regard to their social impact. He puts into a greater racial and societal context not only the meaning of Brown but also the strategies of Thurgood Marshall and his associates in deciding to bring before the Court when many other challenges to Jim Crow could have been argued with much legal and moral merit.Patterson tirelessly, but interestingly, cites case after case and puts each before the reader in the context of a broader societal consequence. He dispassionately argues the merit and challenges of desegregation as society was changing at a precipitous rate with "white flight" from our urban centers to affluence and the ability to "avoid" integration with the availability of private schools obviously not covered by Brown or the 14th Amendment. A theme seemingly in most, if not all, of Patterson's writings on the American 20th Century is the effect of expectations of the populous. Indeed his wonderful contribution to the Oxford Series of United States History is entitled "Grand Expectations". It is interesting how he weaves that theme into this much more specific narrative. "This is another way of reiterating an essential truth about Brown: so many larger postwar forces- rising expectations and restlessness among blacks; slowly changing white attitudes about racial segregation; the Cold War, which left Jim Crow America vulnerable to the charge of hypocrisy when it claimed to lead the Free World - were impelling the nation townard liberalization of its racial practices.This is a great book and is part of the Oxford Series of Pivotal Moments in American History. To state the utter obvious, the reader should be aware that this "moment" is still very much ongoing and, as such, this book is much broader, out of intellectual necessity, than one, or really two, Supreme Court decisions.
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