Ebook Download Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy (Pivotal Moments in American History)

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Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy (Pivotal Moments in American History)

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Review

"Patterson's new book is a compelling examination of the history behind the decision and the realities of enforcing it."--Robin Dougherty, The Boston Globe"Absorbing book. With admirable balance, Patterson synthesizes much of the debate. His streamlined rendition reminds us that justices have always considered the social, political, and legal consequences of their decisions."--Laura Kalman, The New York Times Book Review"Penetrating history-cum-analysis."--Jonathan Yardley, The Washington Post Book World"This volume by a widely recognized historian of twentieth-century America presents a highly readable and well-organized overview of events leading up to the 1954 Brown decision, the decision itself, and its aftermath...Patterson does a nice job of sketching the broad outlines and placing developments in a larger context"--The Journal of Southern History

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About the Author

James T. Patterson won the Bancroft Prize in History for Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974. He is the author of numerous books concerning modern American life, he is Ford Foundation Professor of History at Brown University.

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Product details

Series: Pivotal Moments in American History

Paperback: 320 pages

Publisher: Oxford University Press (December 12, 2002)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0195156323

ISBN-13: 978-0195156324

Product Dimensions:

9.2 x 0.8 x 6.2 inches

Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.5 out of 5 stars

24 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#270,410 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Having grown up during the 1950's I wanted to familiarize myself in regard to civil rights, in particular as it applied to the historic 1954 Supreme Court ruling "Brown vs. the Board of Education." I found that President Eisenhower was not in favor of getting involved in civil rights for African Americans. He is quoted as saying that appointing Earl Warren as Chief Justice to the Supreme Court was the "biggest damn fool mistake I ever made." Roy Wilkins of the NAACP is quoted as saying if Eisenhower fought World War II as he did for civil rights, "We'd all be speaking German today." I was disappointed in Eisenhower's approach to civil rights for African Americans. Ten years after the 1954 Brown ruling, things hadn't changed regarding civil rights. The heroes in the book are those workers who fought in the trenches for civil rights, particularly during the 1960's. Most of them are not remembered, but their contributions remain, nonetheless. President Johnson's greatest legacy remains getting the government behind racial justice. The 1954 Brown ruling hasn't had the effect it may have desired regarding schools, but by the 20th anniversary of Brown, America had been brought kicking and screaming forward for civil rights for African Americans. The book lists a number of cases and studies with their results and I have concluded we don't really know whether integration has improved test scores in schools. Having been a teacher myself for 32 years I do know that children are not bigoted as were some children and adults I knew as a kid. Kids often reflect their parents behavior. This is a book that is definitely worthy of your time. I did find one error in the book. The author said Julius and Ethyl Rosenberg were executed in July of 1953 when actually it was on June 19, 1953.

I think it is hard overestimate the immense importance of the "Brown v. the Board of Education" court case which served as a "watershed" moment in American history. In terms of what it accomplished for the civil rights movement, "Brown" is major turning point on the road to ending segregation. There was a bitter fight to see the "Brown" ruling enacted in the old southern system of Jim Crow, but in the end this court case was essential to securing many of the hard won rights that African Americans obtained in the 1960's. This is one of a few books I have read in the "Pivotal Moments in American History" series and I have found each work to be well researched and pleasant to read. In this book James Patterson traces the develop of Brown, the case itself and the after effect of this case. The legacy of Brown in terms of the school system itself has been debated and Patterson tries to approach this debate with an honest and fair evaluation of its enduring victory. He follows Brown and the court system throughout the decades to see how this 1954 ruling has left a lasting imprint on the court. Here are a few things I like about this book:I loved the solid way that Patterson went about to scaffold the reader's understanding of the case by talking about many of the issues in the south that gave rise to the need for Brown. I also appreciate that Patterson did not ignore the racist perspective of many northerners during the Jim Crow period. He not only discusses the case but makes sure to communicate the rationale of the civil rights leaders that were leading the charge in this case; most notably, Thurgood Marshall. Many of the things Patterson discusses here were very helpful in helping my students to understand why Brown v. the Board was so critical in undermining the racist attitudes that were so prevalent at the time. Many whites saw African Americans as "oversexed, lazy,stupid and uninterested in reading or writing." In addition to the viewpoint, many African Americans suffered from an inferiority complex and psychological studies at the time showed that a lot of African American children preferred playing with white dolls as opposed to black dolls; the psychologists concluded there was shame about skin color. Marshall saw these effects, recognized that this was a violation of the 14th amendment and won a hard-fought victory in the supreme court.One thing I wish he would have spent more time discussing is the effects of World War II on this movement. He does talk about it briefly but it would have been nice if he taken a section of book to develop the change that occurred due the hard-won battles that African Americans engaged in during World War II. The effect not only changed the perception of some white soldiers but gave African Americans a sense of pride that made them stand up and refused to be considered second-class citizens. He talks about many of the other issues such as rising prosperity, demographic change, and higher levels of education but fails to spend anytime on this issue. I realize this was not the focus of the book but a bigger section on this aspect would have been a nice addition to the book. I love the way he focused the book around Thurgood Marshall and wished he would have talked about him in more detail throughout the book. He gave a lot of information and it certainly whetted my appetite for more information about Marshall.The 1954 ruling was not immediate in its results and the episodes of the civil rights movements were imperative to pressing the law for results. In fact, Patterson points out that in practice 'Brown' had no influence over the segregation system in southern schools and by itself would have been something of a failure. The movement of the 60's and the legislation passed during this period began to see some changes in the education field where segregation was concerned. Kennedy and Johnson for all their faults did do some good thing for the civil rights movement. One of the big boons was when Kennedy appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court and Johnson also made some federal court appointments and passed new legislation to turn the tide. The appointment of these men set people in the court who be caretakers of the Brown legacy. However, by the seventies people were growing more cynical of the government and were increasing tired of the civil rights movement. The unemployment rate coupled with inflation distracted whites from the civil rights movement which they perceived as creating lots of costly programs. African Americans often saw 'Brown' as insulting to suggest that their kids will perform better performing alongside white kids. More arguments surfaced that the government needed to spend more on making better schools in African American communities instead of busing kids into white schools; despite the fact that the evidence showed test scores improving due to integration.Ultimately, Patterson argues that Brown has a mixed legacy causing big reform in some places and little in others. He argues that the government can only do so much to fix this issue. For example: the government cannot control the effects that "white flight" had in this matter. Busing kids over 10 miles or more in order to integrate did not make a great deal of sense to many African American parents and whites alike. Ultimately, Patterson makes some excellent arguments and he takes some very practical stances on Brown. There were parts of the book that moved along quickly and were very engaging; there were other sections of the book that were a little boring even though I am sure that the information was crucial to the formation of the book. Overall, it was very well done and it will be interesting to see school integration in the future and to see if Marshall's vision will play out. Will we look at Brown in 100 years and still see schools with less integration or will we eventually see a greater coming together? Only time will tell....

James T. Patterson's Brown v. Board of Education is an exceedingly well researched historical work on the pivotal cases faced on all judicial levels in the 1950s, 60s, 70s and 80s regarding segregation in our nation's schools. Professor Patterson masterfully writes on not just the legal implications of the landmark decision(s) in Brown but also in regard to their social impact. He puts into a greater racial and societal context not only the meaning of Brown but also the strategies of Thurgood Marshall and his associates in deciding to bring before the Court when many other challenges to Jim Crow could have been argued with much legal and moral merit.Patterson tirelessly, but interestingly, cites case after case and puts each before the reader in the context of a broader societal consequence. He dispassionately argues the merit and challenges of desegregation as society was changing at a precipitous rate with "white flight" from our urban centers to affluence and the ability to "avoid" integration with the availability of private schools obviously not covered by Brown or the 14th Amendment. A theme seemingly in most, if not all, of Patterson's writings on the American 20th Century is the effect of expectations of the populous. Indeed his wonderful contribution to the Oxford Series of United States History is entitled "Grand Expectations". It is interesting how he weaves that theme into this much more specific narrative. "This is another way of reiterating an essential truth about Brown: so many larger postwar forces- rising expectations and restlessness among blacks; slowly changing white attitudes about racial segregation; the Cold War, which left Jim Crow America vulnerable to the charge of hypocrisy when it claimed to lead the Free World - were impelling the nation townard liberalization of its racial practices.This is a great book and is part of the Oxford Series of Pivotal Moments in American History. To state the utter obvious, the reader should be aware that this "moment" is still very much ongoing and, as such, this book is much broader, out of intellectual necessity, than one, or really two, Supreme Court decisions.

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Download Let Them Eat Dirt: How Microbes Can Make Your Child Healthier

Download Let Them Eat Dirt: How Microbes Can Make Your Child Healthier

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Let Them Eat Dirt: How Microbes Can Make Your Child Healthier

Download Let Them Eat Dirt: How Microbes Can Make Your Child Healthier

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Review

“A must-read for parents, teachers and any healthcare provider for children, Let Them Eat Dirt takes you inside the inside tract of a child’s gut, and shows you how to give kids the best immune start early in life.” —William Sears, MD, coauthor of The Baby Book “I loved this book.” —Dr. Richard Besser, Chief Health and Medical Editor at ABC News “With the quiet weight of their authority, pioneer researchers Brett Finlay and Claire Arrieta help parents to understand the real nature of microbes, and then to act to improve their children's health.” —Martin Blaser, author of Missing Microbes “This book might change your perspective on real cleanliness . . . and along the way help you to raise healthier kids.” —Giulia Enders, author of Gut “As a parent and a microbiologist, I appreciated the up-to-date and actionable science that Let Them Eat Dirt highlights, including the groundbreaking work conducted in the authors’ own lab. As a Professor of Pediatrics, I appreciated the accessible format and writing style that makes this wealth of information and its limitations easy to understand for the increasing crowd parents who are concerned about their children and their growing microbiomes. Let Them Eat Dirt gives an entertaining, engaging and accurate view of what we're discovering about the microbiome and why it matters for you and your children." —Rob Knight, Professor of Pediatrics and Computer Science & Engineering, and Director, Center for Microbiome Innovation, UC San Diego, and author of Follow Your Gut: The Enormous Impact of Tiny Microbes “What a triumph. This book should be read by every pregnant woman, every parent, every pediatrician. It's not just a great read but terribly important.” —Professor Margaret McFall-Ngai, Member of the National Academy of Sciences and Director of Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii. “Great book! Very clear, down to earth, and interesting; it reads like a story! Let Them Eat Dirt takes an important and complex subject and makes it less scary.” —Eran Elinav, M.D., Ph.D., Principal Investigator,  Host-microbiome Interaction Research Group at the Weizmann Institute of Science and Senior Fellow, Canadian Institute For Advanced Research  “Solid, easily assimilated evidence showing how microbes are an integral part of a child's healthy life.” —Kirkus Reviews “Finlay and Arrieta explain, in illuminating detail, the importance of the gut microbiome…They hope to restore the powerful benefits of microbe transfer from the environment to the young child, benefits lost as a side effect of efforts to reduce infectious disease risk and of cultural attitudes that conflate dirt with disease….The focus on practical choices before and during birth makes this book a good resource for expectant parents.” —Publishers Weekly

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From the Back Cover

A new way of thinking about the health of your children. This book might change your perspective on real cleanliness . . . and along the way help you to raise healthier kids. Giulia Enders, author of the international bestseller Gut Pioneer researchers Brett Finlay and Claire Arrieta help parents to understand the real nature of microbes and then to act to improve their children s health. Martin Blaser, author of Missing Microbes and director of the NYU Human Microbiome Program Solid, easily assimilated evidence showing how microbes are an integral part of a child s healthy life. Kirkus Reviews "

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Product details

Paperback: 320 pages

Publisher: Algonquin Books; Reprint edition (September 5, 2017)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1616207388

ISBN-13: 978-1616207380

Product Dimensions:

5.5 x 0.8 x 8.2 inches

Shipping Weight: 10.4 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.0 out of 5 stars

44 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#1,147,053 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

I heard this man interviewed on NPR, and was so intrigued I bought the book even though I don't have children. If you have children and are wondering about how the environment affects their long term health, and are worried about dirty germs, this is a must read. It's fascinating and it is evidence. based.

Lots of fluff and not much hard science info. Could have been distilled to 10 pages. Disappointed.

Good overview of research on microbes and childhood health and disease. Lacks details, though, and many times I found myself reading something like, “three microbe have been associated with...” and wondering what the names of those microbes were.

Let them eat diet explores the scientific literature related to the microbiome and how it impacts our everyday lives. It has the added benefit of being written by two of the most renown experts in the field.

This book is a must read for anybody who is thinking about starting a family or has children. It provides amazing insight into how to create a healthy environment from gestation thereafter for your children and it may not be in the conventional way we have been taught over the last several years. It also helps significantly to dispel lots of myths and miconceptions about things like vaccines which is very reassuring as a new parent. The book is for sure to shock the vast majority of people. It is a fast and easy read backed by real science and microbiology. It is time we made sense out of why our population is being plagued by diseases which never used to affect us so severely or in such high quantities.

I found this book to be so insightful and interesting on many levels. I couldn't put it down and read it in one day! The author successfully breaks down very scientific concepts to lamen terms so anyone can understand them.I think every expectant mother should read this book! I wasn't expecting it to be so focused on pregnancy, breast feeding and birth. I'm far past that stuff with my kids, but I still found it fascinating. One of my kids has a plethora of allergies and the book really helped me understand why and what we can do about them. I think I still yearn for more info on what I can do for older kids, but we love our probiotics and it's fun to learn why they are so effective.I pray all moms can get the knowledge in this book from their doctors, online research or from actually reading the book itself. Hopefully this book will be on many OBGYN and pediatrician reading lists.

This is an excellent book with the science appropriately cited. As a microbiologist I have been reading about the research concerning the microbial communities of our bodies and their importance on our growth and health. Easy to read and follow; I am going to assign it to my students.

Eye-opening and very valuable information. Much needed info.

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File Size: 1293 KB

Print Length: 189 pages

Publisher: Dover Publications; Revised ed. edition (July 31, 2012)

Publication Date: July 3, 2012

Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC

Language: English

ASIN: B00A3KJ4ZY

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Terrible translation. Like they weren’t even trying. It was so difficult to read, & I didn’t want to buy another copy. Find another translation.

Should be today in our government.

Historically interesting. Useful contrast with Plato's Republic.

Should be mandatory reading for anyone who lives under any form of government. So all of us.

This is worth reading.

There are so many consequential ideas in this book that it's amazing it's not required reading in Western classrooms anymore. The Benjamin Jowett translation is easily accessible in many formats (for free) and quite readable. Perhaps just as it was "lost" to the Middle Ages until "rediscovered" and translated into Latin in the 12th century it is lost to today.Prerequisites for reading this book are Plato's Republic and The Laws, of which I read the former (my review) but skipped the latter. The Republic is the more important of the two as Aristotle spends much time critiquing Socrates' ideal state and the deficiencies of its description and order. There are parallel themes but the many variations of the basic forms of government are explained more clearly by Aristotle, who is not designing so much the "ideal state" as Socrates was. I will read Augustine's City of God later this year, as both works were influential in affecting future thinking about governments by Aquinas and others which, in turn, affected Thomas Jefferson and the Founders. (This is a helpful article on Aristotle and Augustine by Glenn Sunshine.)I was surprised how much economics was in this book, circa 350 B.C.. At points, it reads quite a bit like Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. It is hard to believe such a gap in years exists between the two works, actually. I'm also surprised by how little of Aristotle's work is mentioned in traditional books on the history of economic thought. Take, for example, Book II's exploration of the importance of property rights. Part V:"should the citizens of the perfect state have their possessions in common or not?...Property should be in a certain sense common, but, as a general rule, private; for, when everyone has a distinct interest, men will not complain of one another, and they will make more progress, because every one will be attending to his own business. And yet by reason of goodness, and in respect of use, 'Friends,' as the proverb says, 'will have all things common.'.. It is clearly better that property should beprivate, but the use of it common; and the special business of the legislator is to create in men this benevolent disposition."Aristotle responds to those who would argue for common ownership directed by the State:"there is the greatest pleasure in doing a kindness or service to friends or guests or companions, which can only be rendered when a man has private property. These advantages are lost by excessive unification of the state...Such legislation may have a specious appearance of benevolence; men readily listen to it, and are easily induced to believe that in some wonderful manner everybody will become everybody's friend, especially when some one is heard denouncing the evils now existing in states, suits about contracts, convictions for perjury, flatteries of rich men and the like, which are said to arise out of the possession of private property. These evils, however, are due to a very different cause- the wickedness of human nature. Indeed, we see that there is much more quarrelling among those who have all things in common, though there are not many of them when compared with the vast numbers who have private property."Aristotle understood that greed and avarice were inherent in human nature. People were more likely to act in mutual benefit when property is held privately-- Adam Smith's butcher seems to pick up on this theme. Another benefit, according to Aristotle, was greater "temperance toward women" than when they were held in common as prescribed by Socrates in The Republic.Conservatives everywhere find agreement with Aristotle in arguing from the wisdom of historical precedent when confronted with ideas that challenge the existing order:"Let us remember that we should not disregard the experience of ages; in the multitude of years these things, if they were good, would certainly not have been unknown; for almost everything has been found out, although sometimes they are not put together; in other cases men do not use the knowledge which they have."In the above I hear echoes of Solomon's "there is nothing new under the sun," and the modern axiom that those who don't remember their history are condemned to repeat it.One major critique of Socrates' The Republic is that Socrates established law for the Guardians but does not say what he would do for the lower classes. Aristotle argues that if same laws apply, the people would not have any desire to submit to the government. If all property were held in common there would be no motivation to work the fields. This recognition of property rights creating incentives is an important cornerstone of microeconomics and is too often forgotten by modern policymakers.Socrates' Guardians were destined to rule for life, but Aristotle states this is dangerous. He also points out that if the government is going to fix the amount of property, it should also fix the number of children, and then you start getting into a critique of central planning that borders on Hayekian. He also asks what should be done with slaves and cites the Cretans as having a "wise" policy of allowing them to have the same institutions as freemen but forbidding physical training or armaments among them. There is a wealth of information about the make-up of institutions in various Greek city-states.Book III, Part XI:Socrates examines autocracy, oligarchy, aristocracy, and democracy, and describes both theoretical and historical variations on all types. In examining arguments for the various forms, I noted that Aristotle often cites the wisdom of crowds that sounds very Hayekian or at least from the 20th century: "The principle that the multitude ought to be supreme rather than the few best is one that is maintained, and, though not free from difficulty, yet seems to contain an element of truth. For the many, of whom each individual is but an ordinary person, when they meet together may very likely be better than the few good, if regarded not individually but collectively, just as a feast to which many contribute is better than a dinner provided out of a single purse. For each individual among the many has a share of virtue and prudence, and when they meet together, they become in a manner one man, who has many feet, and hands, and senses; that is a figure of their mind and disposition. Hence the many are better judges than a single man of music and poetry; for some understand one part, and some another, and among them they understand the whole."There are also explanations for how governments evolve from one form to another. I found these similar to Socrates' explanations of the same. For example, Book V Part IV:"Governments also change into oligarchy or into democracy or into a constitutional government because the magistrates, or some other section of the state, increase in power or renown. Thus at Athens the reputation gained by the court of the Areopagus, in the Persian War, seemed to tighten the reins of government. On the other hand, the victory of Salamis, which was gained by the common people who served in the fleet, and won for the Athenians the empire due to command of the sea, strengthened the democracy."Aristotle writes that laws should not be changed frequently as it takes time for citizens to develop the habits intended under the law. Frequent changes undermine both the basic institute of law and the constitution. This is a good reminder for modern Progressives who chafe against the laborious efforts required to change the law. Why were the powers and rules of the U.S. Senate, for example, so bent toward impeding legal changes? Because the founders knew their Aristotle and, like their European forebears, found wisdom in it. (A reminder that Senators in most states were not even elected by the population until the early 20th century.)Aristotle examines various nation-states' constitutions and weighs their pros and cons. There is a great question in each government of who should rule and how they should be chosen. Popular election is problematic because the majority of the population is poor and likely to take bribes. It's much better to elect people according to some system or measure of "merit," or "virtue." For details, see Book IV Part XV. I am reminded much of AcemoÄŸlu and Robinson's exhaustive work in Why Nations Fail (in a nutshell, their thesis is that nations fail to develop because certain people gain economic power and erect exclusive political institutions to defend their holds. Extractive economic institutions + exclusive political arrangements = lack of property rights and incentives for the majority population, and hence poverty and unrest).Aristotle mainly describes and accepts political institutions as the present reality, be it tyranny or democracy. All can have positive elements. But he seems to favor certain forms of democracy as the best, which seems to have been the common Greek belief of his day. But anarchic, populist democracies are the least-preferred of all:Book V Part IV:"For two principles are characteristic of democracy, the government of the majority and freedom. Men think that what is just is equal; and that equality is the supremacy of the popular will; and that freedom means the doing what a man likes. In such democracies every one lives as he pleases, or in the words of Euripides, 'according to his fancy.' But this is all wrong; men should not think it slavery to live according to the rule of the constitution; for it is their salvation."Likewise, Book VI Part II:"The basis of a democratic state is liberty; which, according to the common opinion of men, can only be enjoyed in such a state; this they affirm to be the great end of every democracy. One principle of liberty is for all to rule and be ruled in turn, and indeed democratic justice is the application of numerical not proportionate equality; whence it follows that the majority must be supreme, and that whatever the majority approve must be the end and the just. Every citizen, it is said, must have equality, and therefore in a democracy the poor have more power than the rich, because there are more of them, and the will of the majority is supreme. This, then, is one note of liberty which all democrats affirm to be the principle of their state. Another is that a man should live as he likes. This, they say, is the privilege of a freeman, since, on the other hand, not to live as a man likes is the mark of a slave. This is the second characteristic of democracy, whence has arisen the claim of men to be ruled by none, if possible, or, if this is impossible, to rule and be ruled in turns; and so it contributes to the freedom based upon equality. "..."there is no difficulty in forming a democracy where the mass of the people live by agriculture or tending of cattle. Being poor, they have no leisure, and therefore do not often attend the assembly, and not having the necessaries of life they are always at work, and do not covet the property of others. Indeed, they find their employment pleasanter than the cares of government or office where no great gains can be made out of them, for the many are more desirous of gain than of honor."Aristotle describes four different kinds of democracy, and apparently favors the first:"One type of democracy is when farmers and those possessing a moderate amount of property have authority. They govern themselves in accordance with law because their work leaves them little leisure time. They therefore meet in the assembly only as absolutely necessary [to make decisions on matters not covered by the code of law]. A share [in the system of government] is open to anyone as soon as they meet the financial assessment set by law. They cannot be at leisure [for public service in governing] unless there is public revenue [to subsidize their participation]."He has an apt description of tyrants in Book V Part XI:"Tyrants are always fond of bad men, because they love to be flattered, but no man who has the spirit of a freeman in him will lower himself by flattery; good men love others, or at any rate do not flatter them. Moreover, the bad are useful for bad purposes; 'nail knocks out nail,' as the proverb says. It is characteristic of a tyrant to dislike every one who has dignity or independence; he wants to be alone in his glory, but any one who claims a like dignity or asserts his independence encroaches upon his prerogative, and is hated by him as an enemy to his power. Another mark of a tyrant is that he likes foreigners better than citizens, and lives with them and invites them to his table; for the one are enemies, but the Others enter into no rivalry with him."Like Hayek in Road to Serfdom, Aristotle argues for a basic social safety net even in a constitutional democracy with limited government:Book VI Part V:"the poor are always receiving and always wanting more and more, for such help is like water poured into a leaky cask. Yet the true friend of the people should see that they be not too poor, for extreme poverty lowers the character of the democracy; measures therefore should be taken which will give them lasting prosperity; and as this is equally the interest of all classes, the proceeds of the public revenues should be accumulated and distributed among its poor, if possible, in such quantities as may enable them to purchase a little farm, or, at any rate, make a beginning in trade or husbandry"rich should also pay the fees for the assemblies and the religious institutions."Likewise, he argues, the wealthy should also pay for the fees for the assemblies and the religious institutions. The role of the state, overall, is to maximize the happiness-- read: utility-- of the population. This seems very 18th century. Aristotle then examines what constitutes this happiness. One aspect reminds me of the epistles of the apostles James and Paul. Book VII Part 1 deals with the relationship of material goods and virtue (emphasis mine):"Some think that a very moderate amount of virtue is enough, but set no limit to their desires of wealth, property, power, reputation, and the like. To whom we reply by an appeal to facts, which easily prove that mankind do not acquire or preserve virtue by the help of external goods, but external goods by the help of virtue, and that happiness, whether consisting in pleasure or virtue, or both, is more often found with those who are most highly cultivated in their mind and in their character, and have only a moderate share of external goods, than among those who possess external goods to a useless extent but are deficient in higher qualities; and this is not only matter of experience, but, if reflected upon, will easily appear to be in accordance with reason."... God is a witness to us of this truth, for he is happy and blessed, not by reason of any external good, but in himself and by reason of his own nature. And herein of necessity lies the difference between good fortune and happiness; for external goods come of themselves, and chance is the author of them, but no one is just or temperate by or through chance. In like manner, and by a similar train of argument, the happy state may be shown to be that which is best and which acts rightly; and rightly it cannot act without doing right actions, and neither individual nor state can do right actions without virtue and wisdom. Thus the courage, justice, and wisdom of a state have the same form and nature as the qualities which give the individual who possesses them the name of just, wise, or temperate."In this I hear Paul's exhortation of contentment in 1 Timothy 6:5-12:"constant friction among people who are depraved in mind and deprived of the truth, imagining that godliness is a means of gain. But godliness with contentment is great gain, for we brought nothing into the world, andc we cannot take anything out of the world. But if we have food and clothing, with these we will be content. But those who desire to be rich fall into temptation, into a snare, into many senseless and harmful desires that plunge people into ruin and destruction. For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evils. It is through this craving that some have wandered away from the faith and pierced themselves with many pangs. But as for you, O man of God, flee these things. Pursue righteousness, godliness, faith, love, steadfastness, gentleness."It's worth noting that the Church eventually essentially canonized the work of Aristotle, which had problematic results in the area of science just as much as philosophy (just ask Galileo). But could Paul be agreeing with Aristotle here? Another passage that is reminiscent of Paul comes in Book I, when Aristotle is talking about the natural order, including the relationship between men and women, parents and children, masters and slaves:"Clearly, then, moral virtue belongs to all of them; but the temperance of a man and of a woman, or the courage and justice of a man and of a woman, are not, as Socrates maintained, the same; the courage of a man is shown in commanding, of a woman in obeying. And this holds of all other virtues, as will be more clearly seen if we look at them in detail...All classes must be deemed to have their special attributes; as the poet says of women:'Silence is a woman's glory,'but this is not equally the glory of man. "Another translation I found renders this: "silence is a woman's ornament"- and Sophocles identified as the poet. This immediately reminded me of 1 Corinthians 14:33-35:"As in all the churches of the saints, the women should keep silent in the churches. For they are not permitted to speak, but should be in submission, as the Law also says. If there is anything they desire to learn, let them ask their husbands at home. For it is shameful for a woman to speak in church."likewise, 1 Corinthians 11:13-15"Judge for yourselves: is it proper for a wife to pray to God with her head uncovered? Does not nature itself teach you that if a man wears long hair it is a disgrace for him, but if a woman has long hair, it is her glory?"Long hair (or head covering) in conjunction with silent submission seem to be for her "glory" and Paul affirms this to be true both in the Hebrew Law and "nature," the latter of which is referred to in Politics Book I. Fascinating.Aristotle concludes with a look at what the state should do in regards to children and education in order to maximize the future happiness of the citizenry. Book VIII Part I:"The citizen should be molded to suit the form of government under which he lives. For each government has a peculiar character which originally formed and which continues to preserve it. The character of democracy creates democracy, and the character of oligarchy creates oligarchy; and always the better the character, the better the government...Neither must we suppose that any one of the citizens belongs to himself, for they all belong to the state, and are each of them a part of the state, and the care of each part is inseparable from the care of the whole. In this particular as in some others the Lacedaemonians are to be praised, for they take the greatest pains about their children, and make education the business of the state.The customary branches of education are in number four; they are- (1) reading and writing, (2) gymnastic exercises, (3) music, to which is sometimes added (4) drawing."Aristotle calls for public education provided by the state in contrast to the common policy among Greeks to hire private tutors to teach whatever the client wished. Aristotle channels Socrates a bit in discussing an ideal state where people would be forbidden from marrying and procreating too young, or in having children at too old an age in order to prevent "weak" children incapable of defending the state. Children should be allowed to develop a sort of "meanness" in their early years and parents should properly expose them to the cold in order to develop heartiness. (I'm struck how Nordic cultures apparently follow similar practices while those in Eastern Europe keep their children from the cold as much as possible.)The book closes with interesting comments about the proper teaching of music and rhythm to children. The flute is basically dangerous:"The flute, or any other instrument which requires great skill, as for example the harp, ought not to be admitted into education, but only such as will make intelligent students of music or of the other parts of education. Besides, the flute is not an instrument which is expressive of moral character; it is too exciting. The proper time for using it is when the performance aims not at instruction, but at the relief of the passions. And there is a further objection; the impediment which the flute presents to the use of the voice detracts from its educational value. The ancients therefore were right in forbidding the flute to youths and freemen... "This is a classic 5-star book. Everyone should read it, probably in the original Greek.

Before reading this I read Plato's "The Republic" which is spent defining justice. This book deals more in the politics of the city. Who are it's citizens, who are not citizens, what kinds of governments are there, why some should be considered better than others, and how the people are raised, educated, and participate in their government.I liked this better than I liked "The Republic", maybe because this deals more with solid principles where "The Republic" was looking to define a more abstract principle. However, I fell both books are extremely relevant today, maybe "Politics" more so given it's subject matter.I do feel I need to read "Nicomachean Ethics" as it's the other side of the coin to "Politics" and maybe it'll give a better look at Aristotle's bigger picture.

Not a good translation, too many names and sentences constructed hardly for no reason, look for the ones that have the audio books.

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File Size: 2746 KB

Print Length: 402 pages

Publisher: Pantheon (December 18, 2007)

Publication Date: December 18, 2007

Sold by: Random House LLC

Language: English

ASIN: B000XU8DDS

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As a Mexican I can tell you these stories do give a good taste of what Latin American society is like. You find stories that capture various different aspects of Latino life; from the macho attitude of Latino men, to the deep Catholic roots, Indian sense of humor and wisdom, ancient native stories that are still told in Latino communities, struggles of mestizo daily life and so on. And the stories not only come from Mexico and South America; they also come from Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado where Mexicans/Spaniards have lived for centuries. The book does put more of a focus on the Indian side of Latin American culture. The classic horror stories like La Llorona or luz de mal you will not find. The general themes of the stories are ancient native stories, Catholic folktales, animal tales, native wisdom, and peasant life. The only complaint is that there is no artwork to bring the stories more to life.

I like the series as a whole, and this is a worthy contribution to it. I am not an expert in Latin American folktales, so I cannot challenge what some of the other reviews have written with regard to representation of era and specific peoples. That said, I thought this volume, like the others in the series, provides a fruitfull introduction to the topic. Over the years I have given these books as gifts and read extracts to my children. It is a fantastic way to engage with other cultures.

Very disappointing when compared to the other books in Pantheon's Folktales series. Not organized in any way and most of the stories are incredibly short. Far too focused on the Spanish side of the stories, with not nearly enough attention paid to pre-colombian myths and legends. The fact that nothing from the Popol Vuh appears in this collection should tell you everything you need to know. Any collection of stories from Mexico and Central America that doesn't contain The Hero Twins stories is dreadfully incomplete. Take a cue from the Native American collection, it isn't nearly so focused on modern stories and gives a better insight into the cultures. There are plenty of collections if European and Christian stories if that's what you wanted. If you want Pre-Conquest stories this collection isn't it. Lastly it is very short, almost half as big a collection of stories as the Native American collection.

I got this to supplement the Latin American Culture and Spanish Language class teach to fifth graders. I had to glance over some of the dark endings to many of the stories, as is true with most fairy tales. I, however, have enjoyed reading it on my own, applaud the collection and translation, and feel like I have gotten a lot out of this book to supplement my own understanding of Latin American Folktales!

This is a great collection of Latin American myths and fairy tales. The stories are simply wonderful, very skillfully related and full of humour. My only disappointment was in the too modern translation, which can really break the spell once in awhile. Other than that, a very satisfying read.(The whole Pantheon Fairy Tale Library series is a treat, and for anyone who loves stories, I highly recommend the Norwegian Fairy Tales, probably the most wonderful piece of world folklore you'll ever encounter.)

good read,

Bierhorst, a distinguished (elderly, to boot) scholar of the American Indian--both north and south of the Rio Grande--does not disappoint with this stunning addition to the Pantheon folklore series. The stories, which represent a comprehensive swath through Spanish-speaking Latin America (Brazil, Haiti, and such are conspicuously absent), exhibit the expected intermixture of Christian and autochthonous motifs, as well as a strong dose of European provenance (get out your Aarne-Thompson type catalogue!). The stories do not fall neatly into the taxonomy of etiologic/trickster/love, etc., as one sees in, e.g., the Erdoes & Ortiz collection under the Pantheon colophon: indeed, structuring the stories within a wake (!) seems quite artificial. But the material is quite entertaining for the armchair reader looking for something light and not objecting the casual uptake of an anthropologic lesson or two.

I loved the stories in this book

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